Portage Learning. Nutrition Module2 Exam

Question 14

Portage Learning. Nutrition Module2 Exam. The central nervous system prefers to use glucose for energy, but if it is unavailable, the CNS can use ______.

• Glycerol
• Protein
• Ketones
• Fatty acids
• Amino acids

Question 15

True or false. If false, explain why it is false.

Low blood sugar levels are referred to as hypoglycemia.

• True
• False

Question 16

(A) Explain how type 2 diabetes occurs and the disease’s symptoms. (B) Explain at least 3 ways it is different from type 1 diabetes.

• (A) Type 2 diabetes occurs primarily due to a combination of insulin resistance (where cells don’t respond properly to insulin) and insufficient insulin production from the pancreas, leading to a buildup of glucose in the blood. Symptoms can include increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, increased hunger, blurred vision, slow-healing sores, unexplained weight loss, and numbness or tingling.
• (B) Three ways it is different from type 1 include: (1) Cause/Autoimmune status, where type 1 is an autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells while type 2 is characterized by insulin resistance; (2) Onset and progression, where type 1 appears suddenly while type 2 develops gradually over years; and (3) Prevention, where type 1 cannot be prevented, whereas type 2 is heavily influenced by lifestyle and can often be prevented or managed through lifestyle modifications.

Question 17

What is the definition of an essential amino acid?

• An essential amino acid is an amino acid that the body cannot synthesize on its own in sufficient quantities, meaning it must be obtained through the diet.

Question 18

Match the following protein states to their definitions:

Protein equilibrium

• State when protein intake is equivalent to the amount of protein lost
• State when we take in more protein than we lose
• State when protein loss is greater than intake

Positive protein balance

• State when protein intake is equivalent to the amount of protein lost Portage Learning. Nutrition Module2 Exam
• State when we take in more protein than we lose
• State when protein loss is greater than intake

Negative protein balance

• State when protein intake is equivalent to the amount of protein lost
• State when we take in more protein than we lose
• State when protein loss is greater than intake

Question 19

Hillary is having her diet evaluated. She commonly will only eat 1 item. Like a bowl of rice, or some green lentils. As it pertains to proteins, explain to Hillary the difference between complete and incomplete proteins. Would her way of eating introduce complementary proteins into her meal?

• Complete proteins contain all nine essential amino acids in adequate amounts, whereas incomplete proteins are low in or lack one or more essential amino acids.
• Her way of eating does not introduce complementary proteins into her meal because she only eats one item at a time instead of combining incomplete protein sources together to form a complete amino acid profile.

Question 22

Match the lipoprotein to its function:

Chylomicron

• Delivers cholesterol to cells
• Transport dietary fat from the intestine to the cells
• Delivers lipids to the cells
• Pick up cholesterol from cells for removal via the liver

Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)

• Delivers cholesterol to cells
• Transport dietary fat from the intestine to the cells
• Delivers lipids to the cells
• Pick up cholesterol from cells for removal via the liver

Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

• Delivers cholesterol to cells
• Transport dietary fat from the intestine to the cells
• Delivers lipids to the cells
• Pick up cholesterol from cells for removal via the liver

High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL)

• Delivers cholesterol to cells
• Transport dietary fat from the intestine to the cells
• Delivers lipids to the cells
• Pick up cholesterol from cells for removal via the liver

Question 23

Describe why LDL is considered a marker of cardiovascular health. Explain where it is made, its main components and function in your answer.

• LDL is considered a marker of cardiovascular health because high levels are linked to atherosclerosis and plaque buildup in arteries. It is formed in the bloodstream from VLDL metabolism (which originates in the liver), is composed of a cholesterol core surrounded by phospholipids and apolipoprotein B-100, and functions to transport cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissues.

Question 24

What is atherosclerosis (make sure to address lipoprotein associated with the disease)?

• Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque within the arterial walls, which can restrict blood flow. Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) is the specific lipoprotein associated with this disease, as an excess of LDL in the circulation can lead to the deposition of cholesterol into arterial walls.

Question 25

You are volunteering with a medical relief group in a developing nation. A mother brings a child to the clinic who has had severe weight loss, has a skin and bones appearance and severe growth impairment. What type of malnutrition is he most likely suffering from? Portage Learning. Nutrition Module2 Exam

• Marasmus
• Kwashiorkor
• Protein-energy malnutrition only via edema
• None of the above

Question 26

True or false. If false, explain why it is false.

Foods that are often high in starch are also a good source of fiber.

• True
• False

Question 20

True or false. If false, explain why it is false.

The type of fatty acid is dependent on the bonds that link the carbon units together.

• True
• False

Question 21

Explain why it is easier to get omega 6 in a typical diet than omega 3.

• It is easier to get omega-6 because they are abundantly found in modern processed foods and common vegetable oils (like corn, soybean, and sunflower oil), whereas dietary sources of omega-3 (especially long-chain EPA and DHA) are much more limited, being primarily restricted to certain fatty fish and specific plant seeds.