Custom: C15 PN_ PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM 07/11/26.

Question 15 of 74

Custom: C15 PN_ PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM 07/11/26. A nurse is reinforcing teaching a client at risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Which of the following factors should the nurse identify as contributing to the pathophysiology of T2DM?

• Decreased production of insulin by the pancreas.
• Excessive production of incretins by the gastrointestinal tract.
• Overproduction of glucagon by the alpha cells in the pancreas.
• Increased insulin resistance of the cells leading to hyperinsulinemia.

Question 16 of 74

A nurse is explaining atomoxetine to the parents of a child with ADHD whose family is concerned about stimulant misuse. Which statement by the nurse is most accurate?

• “Atomoxetine is only used for depression and not for ADHD.”
• “Atomoxetine is a stimulant similar to amphetamines but has no abuse potential.”
• “Atomoxetine is a non-stimulant that increases norepinephrine in the brain and is useful when stimulants are contraindicated or not tolerated.”
• “Atomoxetine must be combined with a stimulant to be effective.”

Question 17 of 74

A nurse is reinforcing teaching provided to a client who is newly diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease about appropriate medication classes to treat the condition. Which of the following statements show effective teaching? (Select All that Apply.)

• “An acetylcholinesterase inhibitor is commonly prescribed for this.”
• “The dopamine agonist might help manage the memory manifestations.”
• “The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist could be beneficial as the disease progresses.”
• “This benzodiazepine could help with the cognitive decline.”
• “This monoclonal antibody treatment is given to slow the progression of amyloid plaques.”
• “An alpha-2 agonist could improve attention span.”

Question 18 of 74

A client newly started on donepezil reports diarrhea and lightheadedness. Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate?

• “These symptoms are unrelated to the medication and can be ignored.”
• “These symptoms are common side effects related to increased parasympathetic activity; we will monitor them.”
• “These symptoms show the drug is not working and the dose should be doubled.” Custom: C15 PN_ PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM 07/11/26.
• “These symptoms indicate an allergic reaction; stop the medication immediately.”

Question 19 of 74

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is starting methadone therapy as part of a comprehensive treatment plan for opioid use disorder (OUD). Which of the following benefits of methadone should the nurse include in the client’s education?

• “Methadone is effective in treating OUD without the need for additional counseling or behavioral therapies.”
• “Methadone will completely eliminate the risk of overdose and infectious disease transmission associated with opioid use.”
• “Methadone will provide immediate relief from opioid cravings and does not require a gradual dose adjustment.”
• “Methadone helps to alleviate withdrawal manifestations and reduce cravings, which are essential for preventing relapse.”

Question 20 of 74

Which client is the best candidate for montelukast therapy?

• Adult with acute severe asthma exacerbation and audible wheezing in the emergency department.
• Client with status asthmaticus requiring continuous nebulized beta-agonists.
• Client with chronic asthma who refuses to use any inhaled medications.
• Child with intermittent exercise-induced bronchospasm who needs prevention before activity.

Question 21 of 74

A nurse is reinforcing teaching a client about the use of disulfiram. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• “Disulfiram can cause drowsiness and dizziness.”
• “Disulfiram can be taken with alcohol.”
• “Disulfiram is used to treat opioid use disorder.”
• “Disulfiram is available as an injection.”

Question 22 of 74

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has diabetes about managing hypoglycemia. Which of the following actions should the nurse instruct the client to take immediately upon experiencing manifestations of hypoglycemia?

• Educate friends and family on how to assist in case of severe hypoglycemia
• Consume 15 to 20 grams of simple carbohydrates
• Recheck blood glucose after 15 to 20 minutes
• Eat a snack that includes carbohydrates and protein

Question 23 of 74

A nurse is discussing the health complications associated with chronic nicotine use with a client. Which of the following conditions is a common respiratory complication of chronic nicotine use?

• Gastritis
• Hypertension
• Osteoporosis
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Question 24 of 74

A nurse reinforces teaching with a client starting sucralfate for a duodenal ulcer. Which statement indicates understanding of the medication’s mechanism of action?

• “This drug blocks histamine so my stomach makes less acid.”
• “This drug neutralizes stomach acid as soon as it’s secreted.”
• “This drug reduces prostaglandin production to decrease inflammation.”
• “This drug becomes a sticky gel that coats my ulcer and protects it from acid.”

Question 59 of 74

A patient with peptic ulcer disease is prescribed both a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and an H2 receptor antagonist. The patient expresses confusion about why both medications are necessary. Which is the most appropriate nursing response to address the patient’s concern?

• The PPI reduces stomach acid production significantly, while the H2 receptor antagonist provides additional acid suppression during times of higher acid activity.
• The PPI helps with immediate symptom relief, while the H2 receptor antagonist is for long-term management.
• Both medications work in the same way but are prescribed together to prevent tolerance to one of them.
• The PPI is used to neutralize stomach acid, while the H2 receptor antagonist prevents the formation of ulcers.

Question 60 of 74

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has moderate to severe alcohol use disorder (AUD) and is committed to maintaining abstinence. The client has completed alcohol withdrawal. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate being prescribed as a second-line option to support the client’s commitment to abstinence?

• Disulfiram
• Naltrexone Custom: C15 PN_ PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM 07/11/26.
• Lorazepam
• Acamprosate

Question 61 of 74

A patient undergoing chemotherapy is prescribed granisetron to manage nausea. After administration, the patient reports a severe headache and dizziness. What should the nurse evaluate and prioritize as the next step?

• Administer an analgesic to relieve the headache and reassess the patient in 2 hours.
• Encourage the patient to rest in a quiet, dark room to alleviate symptoms of headache and dizziness.
• Assess the patient for signs of serotonin syndrome and notify the healthcare provider immediately.
• Discontinue granisetron and switch to a different antiemetic medication.

Question 62 of 74

A provider prescribes meclizine for a client. The nurse recognizes that meclizine is commonly used to treat:

• Generalized anxiety disorder
• Fever due to infection
• Motion sickness and vertigo related to inner ear conditions such as Meniere disease and BPPV
• Chronic low back pain

Question 63 of 74

A client taking clopidogrel after a coronary stent is also prescribed omeprazole for GERD. Which concern should the nurse prioritize?

• Decreased effectiveness of clopidogrel and risk of thrombosis
• Increased risk for hypomagnesemia
• Increased risk for constipation and fecal impaction
• Elevated serum phosphorus levels

Question 64 of 74

A nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed bupropion for smoking cessation. Which of the following side effects should the nurse inform the client is common with this medication?

• Hypoglycemia
• Tachycardia
• Hypotension
• Drowsiness

Question 65 of 74

A client receiving an anticholinergic antiemetic reports dry mouth, constipation, and urinary retention after starting a new antihistamine for allergies. Which nursing action is the priority to address this client’s condition?

• Advise the client to avoid using over-the-counter medications containing anticholinergic agents and notify the provider about the symptoms.
• Encourage the client to increase fluid and fiber intake to relieve constipation only, as urinary retention is less common.
• Administer a laxative routinely to prevent constipation without assessing urinary function first.
• Recommend the client to stop the antihistamine immediately and replace it with an opioid for allergy symptoms.

Question 66 of 74

The nurse explains that AChE inhibitor therapy in Alzheimer’s disease is intended primarily to:

• Stop hippocampal and forebrain atrophy completely Custom: C15 PN_ PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM 07/11/26.
• Prevent all future strokes
• Slow the rate of hippocampal and forebrain atrophy and help maintain cognitive function longer
• Cure Alzheimer’s disease and reverse structural brain changes

Question 67 of 74

A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client who has been prescribed an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor for the management of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following side effects should the nurse inform the client about as a common occurrence with this medication?

• Hypertension
• Dizziness
• Flatulence
• Insomnia

Question 68 of 74

A client has been on high-dose omeprazole for more than a year. Which potential long-term complication should the nurse assess for?

• Osteoporosis and increased fracture risk
• Macrocytic anemia from folate deficiency
• Severe gynecomastia and impotence
• Rapid rebound hyperkalemia

Question 69 of 74

Which medication combination should the nurse expect to see prescribed for a client with confirmed H. pylori-associated duodenal ulcer?

• Famotidine alone
• Omeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin
• Sucralfate and aluminum hydroxide
• Misoprostol and ibuprofen

Question 70 of 74

A nurse is reviewing the medication list for a preschool child newly diagnosed with ADHD. The provider has prescribed dextroamphetamine/amphetamine. Which statement about this medication is correct?

• It is a non-schedule anxiolytic used only in adults.
• It is a Schedule IV hypnotic used to promote sleep.
• It is an over-the-counter supplement used to improve focus.
• It is a Schedule II stimulant used to treat ADHD in children age 3 years and older.

Question 71 of 74

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client on the use of naloxone for opioid overdose. Which of the following should the nurse include as the primary effect of naloxone on the body?

• Naloxone rapidly reverses respiratory depression caused by opioid overdose.
• Naloxone induces analgesia by activating mu-opioid receptors.
• Naloxone enhances the euphoric effects of opioids.
• Naloxone provides long-term treatment for opioid use disorder.

Question 72 of 74

A nurse is reinforcing education to a client about the side effects of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Which of the following should the nurse include?

• Decreased appetite
• Polyuria
• Dizziness
• Tachycardia

Question 73 of 74

A nurse is discussing the genetic factors that contribute to substance use disorders with a client. Which of the following should the nurse include?

• Mutation in the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2)
• Mutation in the acetylcholine receptor gene
• Mutation in the serotonin transporter gene Custom: C15 PN_ PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM 07/11/26.
• Mutation in the glutamate receptor gene

Question 74 of 74

A nurse is reviewing the potential adverse effects of metformin with a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse reinforce with the client to report immediately due to the risk of a potentially life-threatening condition?

• Dry skin
• Headache
• Increased urination
• Fatigue