Question 13
Anatomy and Physiology Module1 EXAM. Name the membrane covering the liver.
- Pericardium
- Parietal peritoneum
- Pleura
- Visceral peritoneum
Question 14
This is a CT scan of the kidney showing a horizontal plane dividing into an superior and inferior view. Identify the plane.
Answer: Transverse plane
Question 15
List the area of the body to which the surface term is referring. Make sure to list your answers by lettering them the same as the terms.
- Sternal: Sternum or breastbone
- Femoral: Thigh
- Perineal: Area between genitals and anus
- Umbilical: Navel
- Inguinal: Groin
Question 16
Use a directional term to complete the sentence: The nasal region is _____ to the mental region.
Answer: Superior
Question 18
Diffusion is also known as _____ because more energy is released than is required.
- Active transport
- Vesicular transport
- Passive transport Anatomy and Physiology Module1 EXAM
- Free transport
Question 20
Lipid-soluble substances and large molecules move easily through the hydrophobic core of the membrane without the need for proteins.
- True
- False
Question 21
What type of energy does the body use when skeletal muscles contract?
- Chemical energy
- Kinetic energy
- Radiant energy
- Potential energy
Question 22
What type of cells build the tissues of the human body?
- Prokaryotic cells
- Viral cells
- Eukaryotic cells
- Bacterial cells
Question 23
What role do mitochondria play in the cell? Anatomy and Physiology Module1 EXAM
- They are involved in packaging and shipping cellular materials.
- They convert chemical energy from food into ATP through aerobic cellular respiration.
- They form vesicles that transport proteins and lipids.
- They produce digestive enzymes to break down biomacromolecules.
Question 24
What is the primary focus of microscopic anatomy?
- Studying the exterior features of the body
- Analyzing structures using a microscope
- Investigating the functions of organ systems
- Examining the effects of diseases on organ systems
Question 25
Which of the following statements best describes homeostasis?
- Homeostasis involves the continuous monitoring and adjustment of the body’s internal environment.
- Homeostasis is only controlled by the nervous system.
- Homeostasis is a static state that remains unchanged in the body.
- Homeostasis occurs only during periods of rest and not during physical activity.
Question 26
Cells do not need ATP to carry out their functions.
- True
- False
Question 27
Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between anatomy and physiology?
- Anatomy studies structure, and physiology studies how those structures function
- Physiology focuses on both structure and function
- Anatomy studies how structures function, and physiology studies what structures are made of
- Anatomy and physiology are unrelated fields
Question 30
The sodium-potassium pump is a carrier protein that uses ATP. Which of the following best describes its function?
- It stays the same after ATP binds to it
- It changes shape to allow sodium ions to leave and potassium ions to enter
- It changes shape only when potassium ions are released inside the cell
- It changes shape only when sodium binds to it
Question 31
The presence of a nucleus and internal organelles surrounded by membranes are key features of eukaryotic cells in human tissues.
- True
- False
Question 32
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration is called _____. Anatomy and Physiology Module1 EXAM
Answer: Osmosis
Question 33
The process by which substances are transported across the plasma membrane with the help of carrier proteins, moving down their concentration gradient without the use of cellular energy, is known as _____.
Answer: Facilitated diffusion
Surface Landmarks (Posterior View)
Identify the surface landmarks denoted by the letters below:
- A: Acromial
- B: Brachial
- C: Olecranal
- D: Antebrachial
- E: Digital
- F: Femoral
- G: Popliteal
- H: Sural
- I: Fibular or Peroneal
- J: Calcaneal
- K: Plantar
- L: Otic
- M: Occipital
- N: Scapular
- O: Vertebral
- P: Lumbar
- Q: Sacral
- R: Gluteal
Abdominal Regions
Name the region marked by the X.
Answer: Right hypochondriac region
Cell Organelle
Anatomy and Physiology Module1 EXAM. Label the cellular component indicated by the target box.
- Ribosomes
- Peroxisome
- Mitochondria
- Nucleus
- Golgi apparatus
Question 33
What is the structural anchor for cilia and flagella?
- Microvilli
- Basal bodies
- Centrioles
- Nucleolus
Question 34
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized in the cytoplasm.
- True
- False
Question 35
Phospholipids are considered amphipathic because:
- They are entirely hydrophobic.
- They are entirely hydrophilic.
- They have both polar (hydrophilic) and non-polar (hydrophobic) regions.
- They do not interact with water.
Question 36
In the plasma membrane, how do the polar heads of phospholipids behave in relation to the extracellular fluid?
- They are repelled by the water in the fluid.
- They are attracted to the polar heads of the phospholipids.
- They hide in the center of the membrane.
- They form a solid barrier that prevents all movement.
Question 37
Which type of membrane protein extends through the entire lipid bilayer? Anatomy and Physiology Module1 EXAM.
- Peripheral proteins
- Integral proteins
- Glycoproteins
- Lipid-anchored proteins
Question 38
Only nutrients can pass into the cell through the membrane, while wastes cannot exit.
- True
- False
Question 39
What is the charge of a neutron?
- Varies
- Negative
- Neutral
- Positive
Question 41
Match each of the following elements to its corresponding % of body mass:
- O: 65%
- C: 18.5%
- H: 9.5%
- N: 3.2%
Question 42
When potential energy is converted to kinetic energy, what happens to some of the energy?
- It is lost as heat
- It is converted into light energy
- It becomes potential energy
- It is stored in the muscles
Question 43
Mechanical energy refers to energy at rest, not energy of motion.
- True
- False
Question 44
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
- To produce glucose
- To eliminate waste
- To synthesize proteins
- To generate ATP Anatomy and Physiology Module1 EXAM.
Question 45
Which term refers to the breakdown of substances into simpler building blocks?
- Metabolism
- Catabolism
- Synthesis
- Anabolism
Question 46
In what form is energy stored in the body during anabolic reactions?
- In chemical bonds
- As light
- As heat
- As kinetic energy
Question 47
Anabolic reactions are also known as decomposition reactions.
- True
- False
Question 48
Which of the following is a common cation in biology?
- H2O
- Na+
- Cl-
- O-
Question 49
Which electrolyte is primarily associated with muscular contractions and heartbeat regulation?
- Sodium (Na+)
- Potassium (K+)
- Calcium (Ca2+)
- Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
Question 50
Salts consist of a cation and an anion.
- True
- False
Question 51
A buffer system can resist changes in pH when acid is added. Anatomy and Physiology Module1 EXAM.
- True
- False
Question 52
The ability of the cell membrane to allow nutrients in and wastes out is primarily due to:
- The organization of its lipids and proteins
- The presence of lysosomes
- The amount of ATP produced by the cell
- The thickness of the cell membrane
Question 53
What is the primary reason mucus becomes thick and difficult to clear in patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF)?
- A defective CFTR protein impairs chloride ion transport, disrupting the osmotic gradient
- Decreased mucus production by airway cells
- Overproduction of mucus by airway cells
- Excessive chloride ion transport increases mucus viscosity
- Reduced production of water in the airways
Question 54
Which of the following pH values indicates an acidic solution?
- 3
- 14
- 7
- 8
Question 55
To enhance biochemical activity, cells and organelles like mitochondria and intestinal wall cells have adaptations that increase their surface area, such as numerous membrane folds. Anatomy and Physiology Module1 EXAM.
- True
- False
Question 56
The digestion of food, which involves breaking macronutrients into smaller components for absorption, is an example of a decomposition reaction.
- True
- False
Question 57
When molecules move down a concentration gradient and through a semipermeable membrane it is called __________.
- Osmosis
- Endocytosis
- Diffusion
- Active transport
- Facilitated diffusion
Question 58
Some parents mistakenly give children with gastroenteritis juice hoping to improve hydration status. Juice can make the fluid loss worse because it is a ________ solution.
- Isotonic
- Hypotonic
- Hypertonic
Question 59
Pedialyte increases luminal glucose and osmotic pressure, which can worsen fluid loss and cause diarrhea.
- True
- False
Question 60
How does oral rehydration therapy (like Pedialyte) aid in rehydration?
- It replenishes fluids and helps restore electrolyte balance through glucose and sodium absorption
- It reduces inflammation in muscles by providing antioxidants
- It removes toxins from the body by increasing urine output
- It raises body temperature to speed up fluid absorption
Question 61
The fluid inside the nucleus is called the __________.
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleoplasm
- Nucleolus
- Nuclear envelope
Question 62
The combination of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus is called __________.
- Chromatin
- Chromosomes
- Nucleolus
- Genes
Question 63
The nucleolus is the site of ribosome synthesis.
- True
- False
