SPC A&P. Unit 4 Test

Question 1

SPC A&P. Unit 4 Test. A person is given excess intravenous fluids by mistake which raises the blood pressure. To counteract (decrease) the raised BP, which of the following hormones would be secreted by the body?

• ANP
• ADH
• Renin
• Aldosterone

Answer: ANP

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Question 2

All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true EXCEPT:

• The corpus luteum is formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation.
• FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine myometrium.
• Estrogen is secreted by the developing follicle in the follicular phase of the cycle.
• Menses occurs on days 1 – 5 and is caused by decreasing levels of estrogen & progesterone.

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Question 3

All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true EXCEPT:

• trophoblast gives rise to the fetal membranes, chorion and amnion
• in the later stages of pregnancy, the placenta produces estrogen and progesterone
• trophoblast produces hCG
• placenta arises from the inner cell mass

Question 4

A stone is lodged in the left ureter. Which of the following regions would show a dilation?

• entire ureter on that side and minimal dilation of the urinary bladder
• major calyces on that side
• portion of ureter between the renal calculus and the entry into the bladder, on that side
• area between prostate and penile urethra

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Question 5

What is the normal sperm count per ml of semen?

• 50-100/ml
• 500 – 1000/ml
• 5000 -10000/ml
• 50,000 -100,000/ml
• 50 million -100 million/ml

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Question 6

The renal columns are:

• Nephron loops of juxtamedullary nephrons
• Area of the cortex that lies between the pyramids
• Collecting ducts
• The area where the pelvis becomes the medulla

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Question 7

Which of the following structures is NOT located in the renal cortex?

• The glomerulus, proximal convoluted and distal convoluted tubules and Bowman’s capsule
• The collecting duct, glomerulus, proximal convoluted and distal convoluted tubules
• The Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted and distal convoluted tubules and the loop of Henle
• The collecting duct, Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted and distal convoluted tubules

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Question 8

Which two organs function as the most important physiological buffer systems?

• the kidneys and adrenal glands
• the lungs and kidneys
• the lungs and adrenal glands
• the adrenal glands and the liver
• the stomach and liver

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Question 9

A mother has type A blood and the father has type B blood. What is the probability that their child will have type O blood?

• 0%
• 25%
• 50%
• 75%

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Question 10

Mary has had a severe gastrointestinal upset and is dehydrated as she is having profuse diarrhea and vomiting as well. Which of the following is likely to be higher than normal in her blood?

• Aldosterone
• ADH
• ANP
• ADH and ANP
• ADH and Aldosterone

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Question 11

The genotype rr indicates that both alleles are ______ and that they are ______.

• homozygous, dominant
• heterozygous, dominant
• homozygous, recessive
• heterozygous, recessive

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Question 12

Failure of the foramen ovale to close at birth results in:

• direct oxygenation of blood in the lungs
• an immediate increase in blood flow to the liver via the ductus venosus
• a reversal of blood flow through the ductus arteriosus
• a complete cessation of systemic blood flow
• mixing of oxygenated and non-oxygenated blood.

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Question 13

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

• Corpus spongiosum consists of cavernous tissue
• Prepuce is incised during circumcision
• The corpus cavernosum contains the urethra
• The glans penis is the distal expanded end of the corpus spongiosum

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Question 14

The parasympathetic nervous system causes relaxation of the:

• Capsule of the kidney
• External urinary sphincter
• Internal urinary sphincter
• Detrusor muscle

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Question 15

The function of the macula densa cells is to:

• Monitor the pressure of the afferent arteriole
• Add HCO₃⁻ to the tubular filtrate
• Monitor the solute concentration of the filtrate
• Secrete renin in response to low afferent arteriolar pressure

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Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the sustentacular (Sertoli) cells?

• They produce testicular fluid.
• They produce testosterone.
• They construct the blood-testes barrier.
• They provide the correct environment for spermiogenesis.

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Question 17

A patient with hemophilia A is concerned about passing the condition to his children. The nurse explains that hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder. If his wife is not a carrier, which statement is correct?

• All daughters will be carriers
• All sons will have hemophilia
• 50% of sons will have hemophilia
• No children will be affected

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Question 18

All of the following are true about tubular reabsorption EXCEPT:

• All of glucose and amino acids are absorbed in the PCT
• Water and Na⁺ reabsorption in the DCT and collecting ducts depends on hormones
• Most of the reabsorption takes place in the PCT
• The descending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water

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Question 19

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

• The prostate gland atrophies as a man ages, and it usually causes no health problems.
• The bulbourethral glands’ primary function is to provide fructose for the sperm.
• The interstitial (Leydig) cells produce androgens (most importantly, testosterone), which are secreted into the surrounding interstitial fluid.
• It is necessary for the testes to be kept above body temperature at all times.

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Question 20

Drinking excessive quantities of water, will cause ADH levels to be low, and the DCT and collecting ducts are then, impermeable to water.

• True
• False

Question 21

The placenta, a vitally important metabolic organ, is made up of a contribution from mother and fetus. Which portion is from the fetus?

• yolk sac
• chorionic
• umbilicus
• amnion

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Question 22

Increased sympathetic nervous stimulation in the afferent arteriole results in:

• Increased glomerular filtration
• Increased urine production
• Decreased glomerular filtration
• No change in filtration

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Question 23

Which of the below areas is the primary region of sperm storage and maturation.

• epididymis
• seminiferous tubules
• seminal vesicle
• uterus
• urethra

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Question 24

What is the vas deferens a continuation of?

• prostatic urethra
• epididymis
• Urinary Bladder
• seminal vesicle and vas defrens

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Question 25

Which of the following is NOT part of the filtration membrane

• Juxtaglomerular apparatus
• Fused basement membranes
• Visceral layer of Bowman’s (glomerular) capsule.
• Capillary endothelium
• All of the above are part of the filtration membrane

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Question 26

Which of the following structures would be absent in the penis?

• Glans
• seminiferous tubules
• corpus spongiosum
• Urethra

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Question 27

Presence of which of the following in the urine, would indicate a problem with the glomerular filtration membrane.

• Glucose
• Urea
• Creatinine
• Albumin

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Question 28

Hematuria, or blood in the urine could be the result of ?

• Urinary tract infections
• Bladder carcinoma
• Drugs used to treat UTI (urinary tract infection)
• a and b

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Question 29

Which of the following has an antagonistic action to aldosterone?

• ADH
• ACTH
• ANP
• PTH

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Question 30

Which of the following features are key to the functions of the urinary bladder? (Check ALL that apply)

• Presence of tunica albuginea
• Presence of rugae
• Presence of stratified nonkeratinized epithelium
• Location in the pelvic cavity

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Question 31

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the ureters?

• The ureter has striated muscle to facilitate movement of urine
• The epithelium is similar to that of the stomach which allows a great deal of stretch
• The ureters contain anatomical sphincters at the entrance to the bladder to prevent backflow
• The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract

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Question 32

How many pairs of autosomes are there?

• 22 pairs
• 1 pair
• 2 pairs
• 4 pairs

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Question 33

Which of these epithelia, is best suited to line the ureter?

• Transitional epithelium
• Pseudostratified epithelium
• Columnar epithelium
• Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
• Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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Question 34

All of the following are true about the mammary gland, except:

• It is a modified sweat gland
• Adipose tissue in the gland increases at puberty
• Lies posterior to the pectoralis major muscle
• Prolactin and oxytocin control lactation

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Question 35

Teratogens act mainly during the :

• Embryonic period
• Fetal period
• During gametogenesis
• In the last trimester of pregnancy (late fetal period)

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Question 36

All of the following are TRUE, except:

• Normally many secondary oocytes are liberated at ovulation
• The posterior wall of the vagina is longer than the anterior wall
• Ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone
• The secondary oocyte is released into the peritoneal cavity

Question 37

Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it:

• is not absorbed by the renal tubules
• decreases the rate glomerular filtration
• inhibits release of ADH
• decreases the pH of blood
• increases secretion of ADH

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Question 38

The embryonic membrane sac that completely encloses the fetus and contains a watery fluid is the

• yolk sac
• chorionic sac
• amniotic sac
• blastocystic sac

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Question 39

Blood vessels seen in the renal columns are called:

• interlobular arteries
• segmental arteries
• interlobar arteries
• lobar arteries

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Question 40

A falling blood pH due to rising levels of CO₂ due to emphysema indicates:

• metabolic alkalosis
• respiratory acidosis
• respiratory alkalosis
• metabolic acidosis

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Question 41

Freddy Venus was born with congenital polycystic kidney, and his parents were told that only 30% of his nephrons had developed properly. Which of the following would NOT have been affected by the lack of proper development?

• Bowman’s capsule and distal convoluted tubule
• Glomerulus and renal tubule
• collecting ducts and papillary ducts
• Renal corpuscle

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Question 42

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

• Embryonic period is the first 8 weeks of development
• Fetal period is from 9 weeks till birth
• Major organ systems develop during the end of the fetal period
• Blastocyst consists of an inner cell mass, trophoblast and a cavity

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Question 43

Spermatozoa are produced in which of the following structures?

• vas deferens
• seminal vesicle
• epididymis
• seminiferous tubules
• Interstitial cell area

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Question 44

One of the major physiological factors that triggers thirst is:

• dry skin from high temperatures
• a rise in plasma osmolarity
• becoming overly agitated
• decreased secretion of ADH
• increased secretion of aldosterone

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Question 45

The maintenance of the proper pH of the body fluids is a result of:

• the operation of the various buffer systems in the blood.
• the control of respiratory ventilation.
• the active secretion of H⁺ into the filtrate by the kidney tubule cells.
• All of the above are correct.

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Question 46

A rise in pH of the blood will:

• Cause reabsorption of HCO₃⁻ into the tubule lumen
• Cause secretion of HCO₃⁻ into the tubule lumen.
• Cause the breathing to become rapid
• Cause secretion of H⁺ into the lumen of the tubule

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Question 47

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

• The second polar body is not ejected unless the ovum is fertilized.
• Ova in primary follicles are in prophase I of meiosis.
• The greater vestibular gland is homologous to the bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland.
• The primary function of the uterus is to regulate the ovarian and menstrual cycles.

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Question 48

During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle:

• estrogen reaches it’s highest levels
• LH reaches it’s highest levels
• progesterone levels are at their highest
• the Graafian follicle forms

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Question 49

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

• Testosterone is secreted by the interstitial cells of Leydig
• The Vas deferens is involved in the storage and transportation of sperms
• The ejaculatory duct opens into the urinary bladder
• Normal seminal fluid contains approximately 50-100 million sperms/ml

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Question 50

The ability to control micturition depends on your ability to control the: SPC A&P. Unit 4 Test

• external urinary sphincter
• detrusor muscle
• peristalsis in the ureter
• internal urinary sphincter
• glomerular filtration rate

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Question 51

Menstruation occurs when:

• blood levels of FSH decrease
• blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease
• blood levels of estrogen and progesterone increase
• the corpus luteum secretes progesterone

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Question 52

The major volume of the seminal fluid is contributed by:

• the testis and seminal vesicles
• the seminal vesicles and prostate
• the epididymus and prostate
• the testis and bulbourethral gland

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Question 53

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT:

• The urethra has two sphincters, one voluntary and one involuntary
• Urethra begins at the neck of the bladder and ends at the external urinary meatus
• The urethra is longer in males
• Males are more prone to urinary infections

Question 54

The function of the fimbria of the fallopian tube is to?

• Provide nutrition to the developing zygote
• Provide nutrition to the secondary oocyte
• Keep the fallopian tube anchored to the ovary
• grab the secondary oocyte, as soon as ovulation occurs

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Question 55

Implantation usually occurs:

• At the second day after fertilization
• At the fourth day after fertilization
• Two weeks after fertilization
• At the sixth day after fertilization

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Question 56

Two hormones produced by the ovaries are

• luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin
• human chorionic gonadotropin and follicle-stimulating hormone
• progesterone and follicle-stimulating hormone
• estrogen and luteinizing hormone
• estrogen and progesterone

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Question 57

When extracellular fluid volume decreases, the result on the cells in the body, is?

• Swelling of the cells
• Bursting of the cells
• Shrinkage of the cells
• The cells are not affected

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Question 58

Vasectomy is an operation where :

• The ductus deferens is ligated
• The fallopian tubes are ligated
• The prostate is removed
• The seminal vesicles are clipped

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Question 59

Respiratory acidosis occurs when:

• a person consumes excess quantities of antacids
• a runner has completed a very long marathon
• the kidneys secrete H+ ions
• a person’s breathing is shallow due to obstruction

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Question 60

Ptosis of the kidney can be associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

• Kinking of the ureter
• Presence of hematuria and glycosuria
• A loss of the adipose capsule due to starvation
• Urine backup leading to hydronephrosis

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Question 61

Which of the following is responsible for development of embryonic organ systems?

• Inner cell mass
• Trophoblast
• corona radiata
• Zona pellucida

Question 62

The prostate gland:

• Lies in the pelvis
• Is related to the neck of the bladder
• Has glands, which are drained by ducts opening into the urethra
• all of the above

Question 63

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

• The soft mucosal lining of the uterus is the myometrium
• Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tubes
• The diamond-shaped area between the anus and clitoris in the female is the mons pubis
• Ovarian follicles contain mature eggs

Question 64

Which of the following statements is true:

• Life of a sperm is 12 hrs and life of a secondary oocyte is 24 hrs
• Life of a sperm is 18 hrs and life of a secondary oocyte is 48 hrs SPC A&P. Unit 4 Test
• Life of a sperm is 24–48 hrs and life of a secondary oocyte is 24 hrs
• Life of a sperm is 24 hrs and life of a secondary oocyte is 36 hrs

Question 65

All of the following are true of the movement of substances between the fluid compartments, EXCEPT:

• Large molecules use active transport as the method of movement
• Water movement is dependant on hydrostatic and osmotic pressures
• Water movement (osmosis) is via active transport
• Nutrients diffuse into the cells and wastes diffuse out of the cells

Question 66

When the alleles of a gene pair are NOT identical they are said to be

• heterozygous
• dominant
• homozygous
• codominant
• recessive

Question 67

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

• Testosterone is secreted by the interstitial cells of Leydig
• The Vas deferens is involved in the storage and transportation of sperms
• The ejaculatory duct opens into the urinary bladder
• Normal seminal fluid contains approximately 50-100 million sperms/ml

Question 68

A young man is suffering from severe pyelonephritis, and is told by his doctor that the functional units of his kidney are being destroyed. What was the doctor referring to?

• Glomerulus
• Nephron
• Renal column
• Pyramid

Question 69

Tubular secretion is important because it:

• Adds mucus to the filtrate
• Allows nutrients to be excreted from the body
• Allows solutes to move into the peritubular capillaries
• Allows enzymes to act on the substances in the filtrate
• Maintains blood pH

Question 70

Excretion of dilute urine would require?

• impermeability of the collecting ducts to water
• relative permeability of distal tubules to water
• the presence of aldosterone
• the presence of ADH and aquaporins
• transport of Na+ ions out of the descending limb of loop of Henle

Question 71

Misty is pregnant and had her last period on the 7th of April. When is her most likely expected date of delivery?

• December 5th
• Jan 14th
• May 14th
• February 16th

Question 72

Which of the following statements about spermatogenesis is FALSE?

• Each spermatid form two sperm
• The spermatogonium form the primary spermatocyte
• The primary spermatocyte forms two secondary spermatocytes
• The secondary spermatocytes each form two spermatids

Question 73

The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that:

• in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis 4 mature sperm are produced.
• during spermatogenesis two more polar bodies are produced.
• spermatogenesis involves mitosis and meiosis, but oogenesis involves meiosis only.
• the mature ovum is n while the sperm is 2n.

Question 74

The first stage of labor is:

• expulsion of the placenta
• the stage of fetal expulsion
• from onset of uterine contractions till complete dilation of the cervix

Question 75

An increase in the permeability of cells of the collecting duct to water is seen when there is:

• a decrease in the production of ADH
• an increase in the production of ADH
• a decrease in the production of aldosterone
• an increase in the concentration of ANP