Portage Learning BIOL 251. Module 3 Exam

Question 14

Portage Learning BIOL 251. Module 3 Exam. Which of the following anatomical structures does NOT belong with the others? Portage Learning BIOL 251. Module 3 Exam

• Femur
• Pubis
• Ischium
• Sacrum
• Ilum

Question 25

What is the primary function of the skeleton?

• To produce red blood cells only
• To allow the body to grow taller
• To protect vital internal organs
• To store fat

Question 26

Flat bones primarily serve to:

• Store energy
• Protect internal organs, such as the brain
• Provide support for body weight
• Enable limb movement

Question 27

Which bones are classified as irregular bones in the human body?

• Vertebrae and pelvic bones
• Femur and humerus Portage Learning BIOL 251. Module 3 Exam.
• Carpals and tarsals
• Phalanges and metatarsals

Question 28

Over time, red bone marrow in long bones is converted to yellow bone marrow in adults.

• True
• False

Question 29

Yellow bone marrow plays a primary role in hematopoiesis in adults.

• True
• False

Question 30

The metaphysis is the region where the epiphysis and diaphysis meet. Portage Learning BIOL 251. Module 3 Exam.

• True
• False

Question 31

What type of cartilage covers the end of a long bone to reduce friction during articulation?

• Hyaline cartilage
• Fibrocartilage
• Dense regular cartilage
• Elastic cartilage

Question 32

Spongy bone is typically located between two layers of compact bone in flat bones.

• True
• False

Question 33

What is the function of perforating (Volkmann’s) canals in bone?

• To carry blood vessels deep into the bone and marrow
• To produce collagen fibers
• To house osteocytes
• To store minerals and proteins

Question 34

Osteocytes are bone cells found in lacunae, which are tiny, open chambers within compact bone.

• True
• False

Question 35

Which of the following is TRUE about spongy bone?

• It contains osteons like compact bone.
• It contains a dense amount of capillaries and venules.
• It has numerous bony bars and plates separated by irregular spaces.
• It is denser and heavier than compact bone.

Question 36

Osseous tissue, or bone, is known for being a rigid and dense connective tissue that helps form the structure of the adult skeleton.

• True
• False

Question 37

Which function is performed by the skeletal system?

• Synthesizing proteins
• Absorbing nutrients
• Producing muscle contractions
• Digesting food
• Supporting the body

Question 38

Which of the following best describes calcification?

• The conversion of cartilage to bone.
• An unrelated process to bone formation.
• The deposition of calcium salts, which can occur both in bone and other tissues.
• The process by which all tissues become bone.

Question 39

Osteoblasts are responsible for resorbing old bone tissue during the remodeling process in adults.

• True
• False

Question 40

People who engage in regular exercise tend to have thinner bones compared to those who are more sedentary. Portage Learning BIOL 251. Module 3 Exam

• True
• False

Question 41

What is the difference in skeletal bone mass loss between females and males as they age?

• Females lose about 3% per decade; males lose about 8%. Portage Learning BIOL 251. Module 3 Exam
• Females lose about 8% per decade; males lose about 3%.
• Both females and males lose 8% per decade.
• Both females and males lose 3% per decade.

Question 43

Which of the following bones are formed by endochondral ossification?

• Flat bones of the face
• Clavicle
• Long bones
• Cranial bones

Question 44

What role does calcitonin play in bone health?

• Increases length of long bones
• Stimulates osteoblast activity
• Inhibits osteoclast activity and stimulates calcium uptake by bones
• Promotes synthesis of bone matrix

Question 45

Blood vessels, but not nerves, travel to metabolically active regions in bones to support growth and pain sensation.

• True
• False

Question 46

In which type of fracture treatment is surgery required to expose and realign the broken bone?

• Closed reduction
• Traction
• Open reduction
• Splinting

Question 47

What is the main role of calcitriol in the skeletal system?

• Promotes synthesis of bone matrix
• Stimulates absorption of calcium and phosphate from the digestive tract
• Enhances mineralization of bone
• Inhibits osteoclast activity

Question 48

Thyroxine contributes to skeletal health by

• Inhibiting osteoclast activity and increasing kidney calcium reabsorption
• Promoting synthesis of bone matrix and stimulating bone growth
• Increasing bone density and inhibiting calcium reabsorption
• Enhancing mineralization of bones

Question 49

Which vitamin is necessary to produce the hormone calcitriol, which helps absorb calcium and phosphate in the small intestine?

• Vitamin B12
• Vitamin C
• Vitamin E
• Vitamin D

Question 50

Which statement best describes the role of the osteocytes within bone tissue? Portage Learning BIOL 251. Module 3 Exam.

• Osteocytes help maintain the mineral concentration in bone.
• Osteocytes produce blood cells within the bone.
• Osteocytes divide to replace damaged bone cells.
• Osteocytes are responsible for bone matrix secretion.

Question 51

How do osteoclasts contribute to the calcium levels in the blood?

• By taking calcium from the blood to form new bone.
• By secreting osteoid that binds to calcium in the blood.
• By releasing calcium directly into the bloodstream.
• By absorbing bone tissue and releasing calcium.

Question 53

Which type of vessel supplies blood to the outer layer of the bone shaft?

• Epiphyseal vessels
• Metaphyseal vessels
• Nutrient vessels
• Periosteal vessels

Question 54

Which type of fracture maintains normal bone alignment despite the break?

• Transverse
• Nondisplaced Portage Learning BIOL 251. Module 3 Exam.
• Comminuted
• Displaced

Question 55

The nutrient foramen in a long bone primarily serves to allow which of the following to pass through?

• Nerve fibers
• Cartilage
• Ligaments
• Nutrient artery and vein

Question 56

In which type of fracture is the bone crushed, commonly seen in osteoporotic bones?

• Compression
• Impacted
• Depressed
• Closed (or simple)

Question 56 (2 pts)

In the healing process of a fracture, which structure forms between the broken ends of the bone approximately 48 hours after the injury?

• Fibrocartilage callus
• Fracture hematoma
• Bony callus
• Compact bone

Question 57

What do osteoblasts secrete at the ossification center in bone development?

• Spicules
• Mineral salts
• Calcium directly into the bloodstream
• Osteoid, an uncalcified matrix

Question 58

Prolonged use of corticosteroids is associated with Type 2 osteoporosis. Portage Learning BIOL 251. Module 3 Exam

• True
• False

Question 59

Which of the following is FALSE concerning BMD (bone mineral density)?

• BMD decreases with increasing age.
• Males have a higher peak BMD as compared to females.
• African Americans have the highest BMD.
• Males have a lower peak BMD as compared to females.

Question 60

A T-score of -0.5 is indicative of which of the following?

• Osteopenia
• Osteoporosis
• Normal Bone Density

Question 62

Match the term with the correct description:

• Kyphoplasty → Restores bone height and stability
• Bisphosphonates → Inhibits bone resorption; Alendronate is an example
• SERMS → Reduces the rate of bone resorption; Raloxifene is an example Portage Learning BIOL 251. Module 3 Exam.
• Osteoblasts → Bone-forming cells

Question 58

Prolonged use of corticosteroids is associated with Type 2 osteoporosis.

• True
• False

Question 59

Which of the following is FALSE concerning BMD (bone mineral density)?

• BMD decreases with increasing age.
• Males have a higher peak BMD as compared to females.
• African Americans have the highest BMD.
• Males have a lower peak BMD as compared to females.

Question 60

A T-score of -0.5 is indicative of which of the following?

• Osteopenia
• Osteoporosis
• Normal Bone Density

Question 62

Match the term with the correct description:

• Kyphoplasty → Restores bone height and stability
• Bisphosphonates → Inhibits bone resorption; Alendronate is an example
• SERMS → Reduces the rate of bone resorption; Raloxifene is an example
• Osteoblasts → Bone-forming cells