Question 21
MICROBIOLOGY module 3 Quiz. Phospholipases are enzymes that:
- degrade cell membranes
- promote chemotaxis
- allow pathogens to survive inside the phagolysosome
- degrade antibodies
Question 22
A(n) ______ infection is a small region of infection from which a pathogen may move to another part of the body to establish a second infection.
- Local
- Focal
- Systemic
- Primary
Question 23
Cilia, fimbriae, and pili are all examples of structures used by microbes for:
- Adhesion
- Colonization
- Invasion
- Motility
Question 24
A blanket from a child with chickenpox is likely to be contaminated with the virus. The blanket is called a:
- vector
- host
- fomite
- reservoir
Question 25
Match the epidemiology term with its description:
- sporadic disease: a disease found occasionally in a region with cases occurring mainly in isolation from each other
- endemic disease: a disease found regularly in a particular region
- morbidity rate: the number of disease cases per 100,000 individuals
- pandemic disease: a disease in higher than expected numbers around the world
- mortality rate: the number of deaths from a disease for every 10,000 individuals
Question 26
Which of the following best describes the innate nonspecific immune system?
- generalized and nonspecific set of defenses against a class or group of pathogens
- a set of barrier mechanisms that adapts to specific pathogens after repeated exposure
- the production of antibody molecules against pathogens
- a targeted and highly specific response to a single pathogen or molecule
Question 27
Which of the following serve as chemical signals between cells and stimulate a wide range of nonspecific defenses?
- antibodies
- cytokines
- complement proteins
- antimicrobial peptides
Question 28
Histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and bradykinin are examples of which of the following?
- chemical mediators that promote inflammation
- chemical mediators primarily found in the digestive system
- complement proteins that form MACs
- antimicrobial peptides found on the skin
Question 29
Which of the following are the primary cells involved in the innate immune response?
- lymphocytes
- leukocytes
- erythrocytes
- platelets
Question 30
Antibodies are produced by ______.
- Bone marrow
- Plasma B cells
- T cells
- Memory B cells
Question 31
A single antigen molecule may be composed of many individual ______.
- Epitopes
- T-cell receptors
- haptens
- MHC II
Question 33
Which type of receptor is found on all nucleated cells?
- MHC I
- Antibodies
- B cell receptors
- MHC II
Question 34
Which type of receptor is found only on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells?
- MHC I
- B cell receptor
- MHC II
- Antibodies
Question 35
Cytotoxic T (CD8) cells will bind to which of the following?
- free antigen in a soluble form
- antigens presented with MHC I molecules
- haptens only
- antigens presented with MHC II molecules
Question 36
Match the antibody class with its description: MICROBIOLOGY module 3 Quiz
- IgG: The only class that can cross the placenta
- IgA: Found in large amounts in mucus secretions
- IgM: The first to appear after activation of B cells
- IgE: Involved in defense against parasites and allergic responses
Question 37
A ______ T cell will become activated by presentation of foreign antigen in association with an MHC II molecule.
- Antibody activated
- Antigen activated
- CD 4 helper
- CD 8 cytotoxic
Question 38
______ immunity occurs when antibodies from one individual are harvested and given to another to protect against disease or treat active disease.
- Natural, passive
- Artificial, active
- Artificial, passive
- Natural, active
Question 39
A high concentration of this in the blood, leads to the development of Sepsis.
- Exoenzymes
- Endotoxins
- Adhesins
- Exotoxins
Question 40
A disease that has a steady frequency over time in a specific geographic location is:
- epidemic
- sporadic
- pandemic
- endemic
- chronic
Question 41
All infectious diseases:
- are caused by microorganisms or their products
- involve viruses as the pathogen
- are caused by vectors
- are contagious
- only occur in humans
Question 42
All of the following are signs of infectious diseases, except:
- leucopenia
- swollen lymph nodes
- antibodies in serum
- fever
- nausea
