Question 65
Nursing Fundamentals Midterm Exam. A nurse is educating a client about normal urinary function. How should the nurse describe the term “micturition”?
- a) The filtration of blood by the kidneys to produce urine
- b) The voluntary and involuntary process of emptying the bladder
- c) The movement of urine from the ureters into the bladder
- d) The inability to control urination, resulting in incontinence
Question 66
A nurse is teaching a client about dietary intake of vitamin C to promote optimal health. How frequently should the nurse recommend that the client consume foods or beverages high in vitamin C?
- a) Once a week
- b) Every other day
- c) Daily
- d) Twice a month
Question 67
The nurse has entered a client’s room and observes that the client is hunched over and appears to be breathing rapidly. What type of question should the nurse first implement in this interaction?
- a) A closed-ended question (used to be a yes-no question)
- b) A directing question
- c) An open-ended question
- d) A reflective question
Question 68
A nurse is educating a patient about ear care. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the nurse’s teaching about not putting objects into the ear canal?
- a) “I can use cotton-tipped applicators to remove earwax if it bothers me.”
- b) “Using a bobby pin to clean my ear canal is safe as long as I am careful.”
- c) “I should avoid putting anything into my ear canal to prevent injury or infection.”
- d) “It’s okay to use a cotton ball to clean the inside of my ear canal if I get water in it.”
Question 69
A nurse has instructed a client at the clinic about collecting a specimen for a routine urinalysis. The client makes the following statements. Which one indicates a need for more education?
- a) “I will collect the urine in the clean container provided by the clinic.”
- b) “I will be sure that no stool is included in my urine.”
- c) “I will make sure not to touch the inside of the container while collecting the sample.”
- d) “I will collect the urine sample after wiping from back to front.”
Question 70
A nursing student assesses a blood pressure on an adult and finds it to be 140/86. What term is used for the bottom number (86)?
- a) systolic pressure
- b) diastolic pressure
- c) pulse pressure
- d) hypotension
Question 71
A nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about proper hand hygiene to prevent infections and break the chain of infection. Which statement by a student indicates correct understanding?
- a) “Hand hygiene is only necessary after providing care to patients with infections.”
- b) “I should use hand sanitizer if my hands are visibly soiled.”
- c) “Washing hands with soap and water is required after contact with bodily fluids, even if gloves were worn.”
- d) “Gloves eliminate the need for hand hygiene before and after patient contact.”
Question 72
A nurse is caring for an elderly patient at risk for falls. Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate to prevent falls?
- a) Keep the bed in its highest position to allow easy access for the patient.
- b) Ensure the call light is within the patient’s reach and respond promptly when it is activated.
- c) Place the patient’s personal items on the opposite side of the room to encourage mobility.
- d) Encourage the patient to ambulate independently without supervision to promote self-reliance.
Question 73
A nurse is conducting an abdominal assessment. What is the rationale for palpating the abdomen last in the sequence when conducting an abdominal assessment? Nursing Fundamentals Midterm Exam
- a) It is the most painful assessment method.
- b) It is the most embarrassing assessment method.
- c) To allow time for the examiner’s hands to warm
- d) It disturbs normal peristalsis and bowel motility
Question 74
A nurse is caring for a client who suddenly reports dizziness while standing. In which position should the nurse place the client to prevent injury and promote safety?
- a) Supine with legs elevated.
- b) Sitting upright with the head supported.
- c) Prone with the head of the bed elevated.
- d) High Fowler’s position with the head of the bed elevated.
Question 75
A client with a urinary tract infection is to be discharged from the health care facility. After teaching the client about measures to prevent urinary tract infections, the nurse determines that the education was successful when the client states which of the following?
- a) “I should take frequent bubble baths.”
- b) “I need to void before and after sexual intercourse.”
- c) “I should wipe from back to front after going to the bathroom.”
- d) “I need to wear pants that are snug-fitting.”
Question 76
What is the primary purpose of the initial assessment during a nurse’s first interaction with a patient?
- a) To immediately identify the most urgent health problems.
- b) To provide treatment and medication as prescribed by the physician.
- c) To collect baseline data for creating a plan of care.
- d) To evaluate the effectiveness of previous treatments and interventions.
Question 77
A nurse is providing perineal care for a female patient. Which of the following actions demonstrates correct technique for perineal hygiene?
- a) Wiping from back to front to avoid contaminating the urethra
- b) Using a washcloth to clean from front to back, moving outward from the vagina
- c) Cleansing the perineal area with soap and water, then drying thoroughly with a hot towel
- d) Using a disposable wipe to clean in a circular motion around the anus and vagina
Question 78
Which client would be at greatest risk for injury to the skin?
- a) infant 10 days old with no health problems
- b) adolescent 17 years of age with asthma
- c) Man 44 years of age with hemorrhoids
- d) Man 77 years of age with diabetes
Question 87
Of the following individuals, who can best determine the experience of pain?
- a) the person who has the pain
- b) the person’s immediate family
- c) the nurse caring for the client
- d) the physician diagnosing the cause
Question 88
A patient has an increased respiratory rate, a pain rating of 8 out of 10, and is clutching his abdomen. When developing the plan of care, what would be a priority nursing diagnosis for this client?
- a) Acute pain related to abdominal discomfort as evidenced by pain rating of 8 out of 10 and abdominal guarding.
- b) Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to patient reporting shortness of breath.
- c) Risk for infection related to abdominal pain.
- d) Anxiety related to abdominal pain as evidenced by increased respiratory rate and clutching abdomen.
Question 89
Which of the following is an example of a closed-ended question or statement?
- a) “Can you tell me more about the pain you are feeling?”
- b) “How do you usually manage stress?”
- c) “Are you feeling any pain right now?”
- d) “What concerns you most about your diagnosis?”
Question 90
A nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urethral catheter for a client. What type of supplies will the nurse need for this procedure?
- a) Sterile gloves, catheter kit, sterile lubricant, sterile drapes, and a drainage bag
- b) Clean gloves, catheter kit, sterile lubricant, sterile drapes, and a drainage bag
- c) Sterile gloves, catheter kit, clean lubricant, sterile drapes, and a drainage bag
- d) Sterile gloves, catheter kit, sterile lubricant, and a bedpan
Question 91
A nurse is teaching a patient with high cholesterol about the benefits of fiber. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
- a) “Insoluble fiber helps lower LDL cholesterol by increasing bile acid excretion.”
- b) “Soluble fiber helps lower LDL cholesterol by binding to it and promoting its excretion.”
- c) “Fiber only helps with digestion and does not affect cholesterol levels.”
- d) “Fiber should be avoided if you have high cholesterol.”
Question 92
Which of the following is a non-verbal communication technique that a nurse can use to build rapport with a patient?
- a) Standing with arms crossed while listening to the patient.
- b) Maintaining eye contact and offering a reassuring smile.
- c) Frequently checking the time during the conversation.
- d) Avoiding looking at the patient to respect their privacy.
Question 93
Which of the following patients is at the highest risk for developing a healthcare-associated infection (HAI)?
- a) A young adult who recently underwent a minor surgical procedure
- b) An older adult client with a urinary catheter in place
- c) A middle-aged patient with a stable chronic condition
- d) A pediatric patient with a common cold
Question 94
A patient has a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 32. Which of the following is the patient most at risk for?
- a) Low blood pressure and anemia
- b) Higher likelihood of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
- c) Increased risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures
- d) Higher risk of respiratory infections
Question 95
Which of the following are examples of therapeutic communication? Select all that apply.
- a) Using open-ended questions to encourage patient expression
- b) Offering false reassurances such as “Everything will be fine.”
- c) Active listening by maintaining eye contact and nodding in acknowledgment
- d) Using silence to allow the patient to process and think about their responses
Question 96
Which of the following are appropriate nursing interventions to prevent falls in the hospital setting? Select all that apply.
- a) Keeping the patient’s room dimly lit to promote rest
- b) Using non-slip socks or footwear for patients at risk of falls
- c) Ensuring that call lights are within reach of the patient
- d) Placing the patient on a bed with raised rails when they are at high risk for falls
Question 97
Which of the following are appropriate nursing interventions for a patient with urinary issues? Select all that apply.
- a) Encouraging fluid intake to ensure the urine is clear and light yellow
- b) Assisting the patient to the bathroom regularly to avoid urinary retention
- c) Restricting fluid intake to decrease the frequency of urination
- d) Providing a bedpan or urinal for patients who are unable to ambulate to the bathroom
Question 98
Which of the following are examples of standard precautions in healthcare settings? Select all that apply. Nursing Fundamentals Midterm Exam
- a) Perform hand hygiene before and after patient contact
- b) Use personal protective equipment (PPE) based on the type of transmission
- c) Clean and disinfect patient equipment after each use
- d) Recap needles after use to prevent accidental needle sticks
Question 99
Which of the following are appropriate nursing interventions for a patient experiencing pain? Select all that apply.
- a) Ask the patient to rate their pain using a pain scale
- b) Administer pain medication only when the patient is unable to tolerate the pain
- c) Use open-ended questions to allow the patient to describe their pain
- d) Observe the patient for nonverbal signs of pain, such as grimacing or restlessness
Question 100
Which of the following statements about the nursing process are correct? Select all that apply.
- a) The nursing process includes assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
- b) The nursing process is a dynamic and continuous process.
- c) The nursing process is only used in emergency situations.
- d) The nursing process is a one-time event that occurs during admission.
- e) The nursing process involves critical thinking and clinical decision-making.
