Portage Learning A&P. Module 9 Exam

Question 15

Portage Learning A&P. Module 9 Exam. What is the homologous male structure to the female greater vestibular glands?

• Bulbourethral glands
• Prostate gland
• Seminal vesiclesPortage Learning A&P. Module 9 Exam
• Epididymis

Question 16

Which ligament attaches the ovary medially to the uterus?

• Round ligament
• Ovarian ligament
• Uterosacral ligament
• Suspensory ligament
• Broad ligament

Question 17

Which ligament contains the mesovarium and supports the uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries?

• Broad ligament
• Round ligament
• Suspensory ligament
• Cardinal ligament
• Ovarian ligament

Question 18

The ovary is encapsulated in a dense fibrous connective tissue called ________ that gives the ovary its whitish coloring.

• tunica albuginea

Question 30

What is one function of the blood-testis barrier created by Sertoli cells?

• To filter nutrients into the seminiferous tubules
• To promote testosterone secretion into the bloodstream
• To prevent immune system attacks on developing sperm cells
• To store mature sperm cells

Question 31

Why is the acrosome important for sperm function during fertilization?

• It powers the movement of the sperm
• It stores ATP for energy
• It contains enzymes to penetrate the egg
• It holds the haploid nucleus

Question 32

The ejaculatory duct is formed by the merging of the duct of the seminal vesicle and the ampulla of the ductus deferens.

• True
• False

Question 33

Which of the following accurately describes the structural characteristics of the prostate’s glandular tissue?

• It consists only of tubular glands
• It contains a mix of tubular and alveolar features
• It is entirely muscular with no glandular structures
• It has simple squamous epithelium exclusively

Question 34

The greater vestibular glands are primarily involved in the production of ova.Portage Learning A&P. Module 9 Exam

• True
• False

Question 35

Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of Lactobacillus in the vaginal environment?

• It increases pH to support bacterial growth
• It contributes to the breakdown of the uterine lining during menses
• It neutralizes the acidic pH to reduce irritation
• It helps maintain an acidic pH to protect against pathogens

Question 36

Which statement best describes the mucosa of the vagina?Portage Learning A&P. Module 9 Exam

• It contains smooth muscle fibers for contraction.
• It consists of connective tissue and contains immune cells.
• It is responsible for the secretion of hormones.
• It is a stratified squamous epithelium that protects against mechanical stress.

Question 37

Which hormone enhances both the smooth muscle contractions and ciliary activity in the uterine tube around ovulation?

• Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• Estrogen
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
• Progesterone

Question 38

Which of the following best describes the germinal epithelium of the ovary?

• A dense, vascular layer producing oocytes
• A superficial epithelial layer not involved in germ cell production
• A connective tissue layer rich in follicles and nerves
• A medullary layer that supplies nutrients to follicles

Question 39

What is the approximate volume capacity of the uterus at the end of a full-term pregnancy with one fetus?

• 1–2 liters
• 4–5 liters
• 10 mL
• 5000 mL

Question 40

The sexually indifferent stage occurs after the gonads have fully differentiated.

• True
• False

Question 41

What occurs when a male and female gamete join during human reproduction?

• The gametes combine and undergo mitosis to reduce chromosome number.
• The resulting cell contains only the chromosomes from the male gamete.
• A cell is formed with 92 chromosomes to ensure genetic diversity.
• The resulting cell contains 23 chromosomes from each parent, restoring the full set of 46.

Question 42

Which of the following best describes cryptorchidism?

• Failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum
• Inflammation of the testis
• Accumulation of fluid in the scrotum
• Infection of the epididymis

Question 43

Why is the ductus deferens an appropriate target for surgical sterilization in males?

• It stores mature sperm
• It produces semen
• It is accessible in the scrotum and transports sperm
• It is responsible for hormone production

Question 44

Which of the following best explains why the female reproductive tract presents a challenge to sperm survival?

• It is highly acidic
• It lacks nutrients for sperm
• It has a high oxygen content
• It has a high temperature

Question 45

The fluid secreted by the bulbourethral glands is released:

• After ejaculation to aid sperm mobility
• Along with urine to neutralize the bladder
• As the first component of semen during ejaculation
• During sexual arousal, before ejaculation, and may contain sperm

Question 46

In a non-aroused state, the erectile tissues receive increased arterial blood flow due to parasympathetic stimulation.

• True
• False

Question 47

What triggers the physical expulsion of semen during ejaculation?

• Smooth muscle contractions in the bladder
• Reflexive contractions of pelvic floor muscles controlled by somatic motor neurons
• Passive diffusion through the urethra
• Hormonal signals from the hypothalamus

Question 48

The open-ended structure of the uterine tubes allows pathogens to travel from the vagina into the pelvic cavity, potentially leading to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

• True
• False

Question 49

During early pregnancy, what maintains progesterone production before the placenta is fully functional?

• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
• Endometrial lining
• Corpus luteum
• Pituitary gland

Question 50

What type of cells are added to the ovarian follicle in its later stages of development?

• Lutein cells
• Endometrial cells
• Granulosa cells
• Theca cells

Question 51

During folliculogenesis, what happens to the majority of follicles that begin developing?

• They reach the tertiary stage and are ovulated
• They become dormant and re-enter meiosis later
• They undergo atresia and do not reach ovulation
• They are fertilized in the ovary

Question 52

What role do theca cells play in follicular development after puberty?

• They secrete androgens, which are converted to estrogens by granulosa cells
• They trigger follicular atresia
• They initiate meiosis II in the oocytes
• They convert estrogens to androgens

Question 53

Which of the following correctly matches a secondary sex characteristic with the appropriate sex?

• Facial hair – Female
• Scent glands – Male
• Breast enlargement – Male
• Uterine tubes – Male

Question 54

Testosterone is primarily secreted by which cells, and what is one of its major functions in the male body?

• Leydig cells; supports spermatogenesis and development of male secondary sexual characteristics
• Granulosa cells; promotes muscle growth
• Theca cells; increases breast tissue development
• Sertoli cells; triggers ovulation

Question 55

What mechanism primarily moves sperm through the epididymis?Portage Learning A&P. Module 9 Exam

• Active movement by the sperm themselves
• Contractions of smooth muscle in the epididymal walls
• Fluid pressure from the seminiferous tubules
• Beating of their tails (flagella)

Question 56

What is the correct sequence of phases in spermatogenesis?

• Differentiation $\rightarrow$ Proliferative $\rightarrow$ Meiotic
• Proliferative $\rightarrow$ Meiotic $\rightarrow$ Differentiation
• Meiotic $\rightarrow$ Proliferative $\rightarrow$ Differentiation
• Proliferative $\rightarrow$ Differentiation $\rightarrow$ Meiotic

Question 57

Testicular steroidogenesis leads to testosterone production, which supports the process of sperm formation.

• True
• False

Question 58

Which of the following is directly stimulated by testosterone during male puberty?

• Onset of ovulation
• Narrowing of the shoulders
• Development of the uterus
• Growth of the penis and testes

Question 59

When does the process of oogenesis begin in a female’s life?

• Before birth and continues through reproductive years.Portage Learning A&P. Module 9 Exam
• At the onset of menopause.
• At the first menstrual period (menarche).
• After ovulation is completed.

Question 60

What hormonal effect distinguishes the dominant follicle from other developing follicles late in the follicular phase?

• It produces less estrogen than other follicles
• It causes the hypothalamus to shut down GnRH production completely
• It triggers a positive feedback loop resulting in an LH surge
• It suppresses LH and FSH production through negative feedback

Question 61

What structural change occurs in the follicle after ovulation due to luteinization?

• It transforms into the corpus luteum and produces progesterone
• It forms a new dominant follicle to continue ovulation
• It becomes the corpus albicans and produces FSH
• It disintegrates and stops hormone production immediately