Question 1
GED Science. Sound waves are amplified when they travel through a metal tube, called a resonating column. Resonating columns can be open on both ends or closed on one end. The amplification of the sound waves is partially based on the type of tube used. The table shows the initial wavelengths of some sounds and the sounds’ wavelengths as they travel through open resonating columns. What is the missing number in the table?
- 1.20 m
- 3.52 m
- 0.52 m
- 0.44 m
0.44 m
Question 2
The roller coaster diagram shows a set of cars moving downward from position 1 to position 2. As the cars travel from position 1 toward position 2, their [Select…] decreases, yet their [Select…] remains unchanged.
- velocity; acceleration
- acceleration; velocity
- potential energy; total energy
- total energy; potential energy
potential energy; total energy
Question 3
A kneepad manufacturer tested a new kneepad design for use in industrial settings. In order to be rated for the intended use, the kneepads each needed to withstand a force of 100 newtons (N) on the outside of the kneepad without distorting the inside by more than 5 millimeters. During testing, the force on each kneepad was steadily increased until the kneepad failed. The table shows the manufacturer’s results from testing 100 of the kneepads. If these results correctly predict the performance of this kneepad design, what is the probability that one of the kneepads will require a force of 145 N or greater to cause failure?
- 22%
- 25%
- 53%
- 75%
25%
Question 4
What time period in the graph shows the greatest correlation between Milankovitch cycles and climate?
- 160,000–180,000 years ago
- 140,000–160,000 years ago
- 120,000–140,000 years ago
- 100,000–120,000 years ago
120,000–140,000 years ago
Question 5
The table contains variables that can be used to compare current warming cycles to previous warming cycles. Click on the variables for which the data support the theory or model that best describes the currently observed increase in global temperature.
- rate of glacial melt: Higher; insolation: Lower; rate of mean temperature increase: Higher; rate of $CO_2$ increase: Higher
- rate of glacial melt: Same; insolation: Same; rate of mean temperature increase: Lower; rate of $CO_2$ increase: Lower
- volume of glacial melt: Same; shifts in animal and plant habitats: Same; earlier flowering of trees: Same
- rate of glacial melt: Lower; insolation: Higher; rate of mean temperature increase: Lower; rate of $CO_2$ increase: Lower
rate of glacial melt: Higher; insolation: Lower; rate of mean temperature increase: Higher; rate of $CO_2$ increase: Higher GED Science
Question 6
If this trend continues, which shoe size would be a reasonable average size for women in the year 2040?
- 9.0
- 10.5
- 8.5
- 13.0
10.5
Question 7
[Select…] provides the strongest evidence that [Select…] improves cardiovascular.
- The rat study; drinking hard water
- Human study 1; a high level of dietary magnesium
- Human study 2; living in an urban environment
- The rat study; magnesium-deficient diet
Human study 1; a high level of dietary magnesium
Question 8
Scientists claim that levels of dietary calcium and magnesium intake can affect the health of an organism. Which two pieces of evidence from the passage support this claim? GED Science
- the natural occurrence of calcium and magnesium in many water sources
- the difference in heart disease incidence between urban and rural populations in human study 2
- the 425 mg/day of magnesium in a normal diet in human study 1
- the magnesium-rich diet condition for group A in human study 1
- the survival rates of rats on a low-magnesium diet
the difference in heart disease incidence between urban and rural populations in human study 2 AND the survival rates of rats on a low-magnesium diet GED Science
Question 9
Which statement explains the central idea of the passage? GED Science
- People should consume as much magnesium as possible to ensure good cardiovascular health.
- People who live in rural environments are healthier than people who live in urban environments.
- People may experience health benefits from drinking hard water because it contains magnesium.
- People should stop the practice of softening water because it removes minerals that are necessary for good health.
People may experience health benefits from drinking hard water because it contains magnesium.
Question 10
Which instruction would be most appropriate for step 2 of the procedure?
- Provide group A participants with a daily magnesium supplement and provide group B participants with a daily supplement that contains only inactive ingredients.
- Provide group A participants with a high-magnesium supplement and group B participants with a low-magnesium supplement and then instruct all participants to avoid foods that contain magnesium.
- Provide both group A and group B participants with a daily magnesium supplement.
- Provide both group A and group B participants with instructions on which foods they should consume.
Provide group A participants with a daily magnesium supplement and provide group B participants with a daily supplement that contains only inactive ingredients.
Question 11
Which inference about the bottles is best supported by the data?
- Bottle 1 will have the highest amount of carbonation in the soft drink because it is under higher pressure and at a lower temperature.
- Bottles 1 and 2 will have the same amount of carbonation in the soft drink because the bottles were sealed, trapping the carbon dioxide within.
- Bottles 3 and 4 will have the same amount of carbonation in the soft drink because they are both at atmospheric pressure.
Bottle 1 will have the highest amount of carbonation in the soft drink because it is under higher pressure and at a lower temperature.
Question 12
Treating water in a swimming pool with a sanitizer such as chlorine keeps pool water safe for swimming. Chlorine is available for purchase in many different forms. The effectiveness of a chlorine product depends on how the product dissolves to provide the right concentration of chlorine. The following procedure outlines an experiment designed to test the effectiveness of two forms of chlorine, granular chlorine and liquid chlorine.
- Collect three samples of water from one pool.
- Treat one sample with granular chlorine and one with liquid chlorine. Leave one sample untreated.
- Conduct all treatments as indicated by the manufacturer of the chlorine product, treating each sample for the same amount of time.
- Screen each sample for contaminants and compare the two chlorinated sample results with the control and with each other.
Which statement is an appropriate hypothesis for the experiment?
- Chlorine in liquid form reduces contaminants in pool water more than chlorine in granular form does.
- When used in any form to treat pool water, chlorine removes a majority of contaminants.
- Granular chlorine is ineffective at removing contaminants from pool water.
- Liquid chlorine effectively reduces contaminants in pool water.
Question 13
GED Science. A horizontal force ($F$) of 150 Newtons is applied to a box, causing it to slide 10 meters ($d$) across a floor.
What amount of work ($W$) was applied to the box?
You may use the calculator.
$W = F \times d$
1500 Joules
Question 14
The energy density of a fuel is the amount of useful energy stored in a specific amount of that fuel. The energy density, measured in megajoules per kilogram (MJ/kg), is related to the chemical composition of the fuel. The chemical composition and energy density of four fuels are shown in the table.
| Fuel | Chemical Composition | Energy Density (MJ/kg) |
| methane | CH_4 | 50 |
| propane | C_3H_8 | 47 |
| butane | C_4H_{10} | 46 |
| octane | C_8H_{18} | 44 |
Ethane, which has a chemical composition of $C_2H_6$, is also a fuel.
What is the predicted energy density of ethane?
You may use the calculator.
- 42 MJ/kg
- 48 MJ/kg
- 52 MJ/kg
- 45 MJ/kg
Question 15
Scientists hypothesize that vertebrates, animals with a backbone, evolved from a common fish-like ancestor. Scientists study traits of living and extinct vertebrates to understand how they are related to one another. GED Science
The table gives information about six groups of living vertebrates. Based on the information in the table, the diagram shows how new traits gave rise to different groups of vertebrates over time.
Simplified Characteristics of Groups of Vertebrates
| Animal Group | Heart Chambers | Body Covering | Reproduction |
| crocodiles | 4 | scales | shelled eggs |
| birds | 4 | feathers | shelled eggs |
| lungfish | 2 | scales | soft eggs |
| monotremes | 4 | fur | produce milk |
| salamanders | 3 | skin | soft eggs |
| lizards | 3 | scales | shelled eggs |
Complete the diagram using the information in the table. Drag the correct animal groups into the empty boxes in the diagram.
Correct Sequence (Left to Right):
- Fish
- Frogs
- Salamanders (branched at 3-chamber heart)
- Lizards (branched at scales/shelled eggs)
- Crocodiles (branched at 4-chamber heart)
- Birds (branched at feathers)
- Monotremes (branched at milk/fur)
- Most mammals
Here are the transcriptions of the questions from your images, with the correct answers highlighted as requested.
Question 16
Treating water in a swimming pool with a sanitizer such as chlorine keeps pool water safe for swimming. Chlorine is available for purchase in many different forms. The effectiveness of a chlorine product depends on how the product dissolves to provide the right concentration of chlorine. The following procedure outlines an experiment designed to test the effectiveness of two forms of chlorine, granular chlorine and liquid chlorine.
- Collect three samples of water from one pool.
- Treat one sample with granular chlorine and one with liquid chlorine. Leave one sample untreated.
- Conduct all treatments as indicated by the manufacturer of the chlorine product, treating each sample for the same amount of time.
- Screen each sample for contaminants and compare the two chlorinated sample results with the control and with each other.
Which statement is an appropriate hypothesis for the experiment?
- Chlorine in liquid form reduces contaminants in pool water more than chlorine in granular form does.
- When used in any form to treat pool water, chlorine removes a majority of contaminants.
- Granular chlorine is ineffective at removing contaminants from pool water.
- Liquid chlorine effectively reduces contaminants in pool water. GED Science
Question 17
Which text from the passage best supports the conclusion that gray water should be used primarily for landscape irrigation rather than other purposes?
- “… gray water can contain additives such as laundry bleach not found in fresh water …” (paragraph 3)
- “… bathtub water can be saved and poured on grass or hoses can be connected to a clothes washer and run directly outside.” (paragraph 2)
- “Severe water shortages in many areas mean that recycling water will be necessary for continued landscape irrigation.” (paragraph 1)
- “In most of the studies, gray water allowed plants to survive and grow at nearly normal rates.” (paragraph 3)
Question 18
Which statement accurately summarizes the passage?
- Collecting, treating, and recycling gray water may be a viable way to address the shortage of water for landscaping purposes.
- Research studies show that gray water does not negatively affect the growth of many plants.
- Humans should replace fresh water with gray water for landscape irrigation to ensure plants get the minerals needed to grow.
- The process of recycling gray water can be easier with the use of commercially available collection and filtering systems.
Question 19
Gregor Mendel determined that the offspring in crosses between plants with two heterozygous traits resulted in a 9:3:3:1 ratio… William Bateson and his colleagues designed a similar experiment… These experiments resulted in numbers of offspring that did not match Mendel’s 9:3:3:1 ratio…
How do the results of Bateson’s experiment affect the interpretation of Mendel’s experimental results?
- Bateson’s experimental results show that Mendel’s conclusions were incomplete.
Question 20
Domestic cats exhibit a great variety of coat characteristics. Two important genes governing cat coat traits are the white masking gene and the gene for fur length. The alleles for these traits are:
- W — dominant allele for white masking, produces solid white fur
- w — recessive allele, produces colored fur
- L — dominant allele for fur length, produces short hair
- l — recessive allele, produces long hair
The Punnett square below shows a cross between a male long-haired cat with white fur (Wwll) and a female short-haired cat with colored fur (wwLl).
If this cross is repeated several times to produce a total of 20 offspring, what is the most likely number of long-haired kittens with colored fur?
- 5
Question 21
Which sentence from the passage demonstrates natural selection in Lampsilis mussels?
- “Gradually, over generations, these mussels developed a fish-like lure with an eyespot, which is a dark dot that mimics the appearance of a fish eye.” (paragraph 3)
- “There are more than 280 species of mussels and clams in North American waterways.” (paragraph 1)
- “In most cases, mussels and fish do not interact.” (paragraph 3)
- “The fish immune system encapsulates the larva in a cyst, and the larva develops within that cyst until it is ready for an independent life.” (paragraph 2)
The relationship between velocity (v), distance (d), and time (t) is given in the equation.
The distance from Paris to Berlin is 877 kilometers. Which statement correctly describes the flight times of the jet airplane and the experimental airplane from Paris to Berlin?
You may use the calculator.
- The jet airplane takes about 0.95 hours, but the experimental airplane takes about 8.09 hours.
- The jet airplane takes about 0.95 hours, but the experimental airplane takes about 12.4 hours.
- The jet airplane takes about 1.04 hours, but the experimental airplane takes about 12.4 hours.
- The jet airplane takes about 1.04 hours, but the experimental airplane takes about 8.09 hours.
Question 22
A researcher conducted an investigation about how the human body changes during exercise. The researcher’s procedure is outlined below.
Experimental Procedure:
- Observe and record the body temperature, breathing rate, and heart rate of a test subject at rest.
- The subject jumps rope for 10 minutes.
- Every two minutes, the researcher records the body temperature, breathing rate, and heart rate of the test subject.
- Repeat procedure with additional subjects.
Which hypothesis is suitable for this investigation?
- Body temperature, breathing rate, and heart rate depend on the health of the subject.
- Many of the body’s systems respond to exercise.
- Body temperature, breathing rate, and heart rate increase with exercise.
- Subjects at rest have better health than subjects that exercise.
Question Transcription: Limestone and marble both contain calcium carbonate, which is sensitive to chemical weathering by acids. A scientist tested the effect of acid strength on calcium carbonate. The scientist hypothesized that the amount of calcium ions in the runoff would increase as the acidity of the solution sprayed on the samples increased. Except for one pH value, the data appear to support the hypothesis.
Which change would reduce the possibility of error in the experiment?
- performing multiple trials for each solution pH
Image 5: Selection Theory
Question: Which sentence describes a difference between artificial selection and natural selection?
- In natural selection, there is differential reproduction; in artificial selection, there is not differential reproduction.
- In natural selection, reproductive success is driven by naturally occurring processes; in artificial selection, reproductive success is driven by human-imposed processes.
- In natural selection, there is variation within the population of organisms; in artificial selection, there is no variation within the population or organisms.
- In natural selection, variation is heritable; in artificial selection, variation is not heritable. GED Science
Question Transcription: A diagram produced for biological research is shown below. What do the lines connecting the boxes represent?
Correct Answer:
- to show the direction of the flow of energy and nutrients between organisms
Biology: Cladogram Analysis
The Question: Which characteristic separates catfish from frogs on the provided cladogram?
Correct Answer:
- Four limbs
Space Science: Saturn’s Rings
Transcription: Scientists found that 50–60% of ring particles’ energy remains after a collision. Based on laboratory results, what would the scientist best conclude to be the composition of Saturn’s rings?
Analysis:
- Bedrock: 95% energy remaining
- Carbon rock: 83% energy remaining
- Ice: 50% energy remaining
- Loose rocks: 24% energy remaining
- Loose snow: 20% energy remaining GED Science
Correct Choice:
- large amounts of ice and smaller amounts of carbon rock
Chemistry: Atomic Models
In the nineteenth century, scientists determined that atoms consist of electrons and protons. J. J. Thomson modeled the atom as a uniform arrangement of electrons inside a positive sphere of charge. In the early twentieth century, Earnest Rutherford concluded from experiments that most of the mass and all of the positive charge of atoms were concentrated in the center of the atom, with the negatively charged electrons orbiting the center.
Which statement describes one feature of the Rutherford-Bohr atom model that the Thomson model does not share?
Correct Answer:
- The Rutherford-Bohr model restricts the positive charge of the atom to the nucleus.
