Microbiology Questions Only

Question 1

Microbiology Questions Only. Ancestry.com found that the genetic heritability of life expectancy is due in part to the fact that people tend to select romantic partners with similar traits to their own. This phenomenon is known as:

• affinity selection
• genetic congruence
• assortative mating
• consanguinity

Question 2

According to most experts, about how much of your life expectancy is thought to be related to genetic factors?

• 20-30%
• more than 65%
• 5-10%
• 50-60%

Question 3

Which of the following areas of healthcare focuses its efforts on community health, prevention, and large-scale health promotion?

• medical care
• longevity research
• public health
• biomedical research

Question 4

Who is credited with developing the vaccine for smallpox?

• Robert Koch
• Edward Jenner
• Joseph Lister
• Louis Pasteur

Question 5

In 1900, people were more likely to die of acute illness early in life. By 2000, people were more likely to die of chronic illness later in life.

• True
• False

Question 6

Despite the fact that there are many more cars on the road, there has been a 90% decrease in the annual motor vehicle death rate in the past century due to technological advancements such as:

• traffic safety laws
• safety features installed in vehicles
• safety innovations on the roadways
• all of the above

Question 7

Public health and public policy efforts to reduce smoking through anti-smoking campaigns were largely unsuccessful. Microbiology Q & A

• True
• False

Question 8

The country that spends the most on healthcare per capita is:

• China
• France
• Switzerland
• United States

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the limits of life is true?

• Centenarians owe their exceptional longevity entirely to genetics.
• Life span refers to the average number of years that people are expected to live and varies by country.
• The upper limit of human life span is believed to be 122.
• Life expectancy refers to the maximum number of years that humans can potentially live. Microbiology Questions Only

Question 10

Stem cells that can turn into almost any type of cell are called:

• Oligopotent cells
• Differentiated cells
• Pluripotent cells
• Unipotent cells

Part 2

Question 1

The complete set of genetic instructions for any organism is called its ____________.

• telomere
• genome
• gene
• operon

Question 2

In the cell, the information flows from ____________ to ____________ to ____________.

• DNA, RNA, Protein
• RNA, DNA, Protein
• DNA, Protein, RNA
• Protein, RNA, DNA

Question 3

Which of the following molecules is not part of the structure of a nucleotide of DNA?

• nitrogenous base
• amino acid
• phosphate group
• 5 carbon sugar

Question 4

Which option below represents the correct order in which a gene is expressed into a protein in a eukaryotic organism?

• translation -> mRNA processing -> transcription
• transcription -> translation -> mRNA processing
• transcription -> mRNA processing -> translation
• mRNA processing -> transcription -> translation

Question 5

Each individual gene contains a sequence of DNA that can code for many different proteins.

• False
• True

Question 6

Which molecule’s function is to transfer amino acids to the ribosome so that they can be added to the growing peptide chain?

• mRNA
• DNA
• tRNA
• rRNA. Microbiology Questions Only

Question 7

Where does transcription take place in a eukaryotic cell?

• in the mitochondria
• outside of the cell
• in the nucleus
• on a ribosome in the cytoplasm or on the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT involved in the process of transcription?

• DNA
• RNA polymerase
• transcription factors
• ribosomes

Question 9

Which of the following is a difference between DNA replication and transcription?

• In DNA replication, the entire genome is copied, while in transcription, only one gene is copied.
• In DNA replication, one strand is copied, while in transcription, only both strands are copied.
• In DNA replication, complementary base pair binding is used by the enzyme, but not in transcription.

Question 10

What is the purpose of adding a modified guanine cap onto the beginning of the mRNA transcript (5′ end) during processing?

• to protect the coding portion of the sequence from degradation until it can be translated
• to add a stop codon portion onto the sequence so that the ribosomes know when to stop transcription
• to help the ribosome recognize the coding portion of the sequence it needs to translate
• to add an additional coding portion onto the sequence before it is translated Microbiology Q & A

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT part of the mRNA processing following transcription?

• all of the other options are part of mRNA processing
• a cap is added onto the 5′ end of the mRNA transcript
• the exons are removed from the transcript
• a tail is added onto the 3′ end of the mRNA transcript

Question 12

Which option represents the correct transcription for this template sequence? 3′ ATCGCA 5′ Microbiology Questions Only

• 5′ GCTATG 3′
• 5′ UAGCGU 3′
• 5′ TAGCGT 3′
• 5′ GCUAUG 3′

Question 13

Which of the following options is NOT involved in the process of translation?

• ribosomes
• amino acids
• mRNA template
• tRNA molecules
• RNA polymerase

Question 14

Use the provided codon dictionary above, to identify the correct matching amino acid for this three nucleotide sequence below. 3-nucleotide sequence: GAA

• Asp
• Ala
• Gly
• Glu

Question 15

There are three codons (UAG, UAA, and UGA) that are called “stop” codons. What is their function in the gene expression process?

• they served by stopping the two ribosomal subunits from coming together to block the start of translation
• they serve to terminate the process of transcription
• they serve to stop RNA polymerase from adding wrong nucleotides onto the sequence
• they serve to terminate the process of translation.

Question 16

What is the specific name of the three-base sequence groupings on the mRNA read during translation that determine which amino acid gets added to the protein chain?

• reading frame
• codon
• anti-codon
• exon

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a post-translational modification of a protein?

• folding and twisting of the amino acid chain into a specific shape
• the addition of a 5′ guanine cap
• the addition of a 3′ poly-A tail
• the removal of introns from the mRNA transcript

Question 23

Binary fission is an example of vertical gene transfer.

• True
• False

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Question 24

Which option below is NOT an example of a way bacteria can get genetic recombination (variation in their genes)?

• transformation
• binary fission
• conjugation
• transduction. Microbiology Q & A

Question 26

If a bacterium is storing aggregates (clumps) of nutrients in its cytoplasm, these clumps are called

• vacuoles
• rhizoids
• inclusion bodies
• Storage vesicles

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Question 27

The cellular appendage that allow bacteria to be motile is called a ________.

• pilus
• flagellum
• glycocalyx
• fimbriae

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Question 28

In addition to genomic chromosomal DNA, bacteria can also have extra small, circular DNA molecules called ______________.

• fimbriae
• glycocalyx
• pilus
• plasmids

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Question 29

Which option below represents a potential benefit for bacteria that contain a plasmid?

• they bacteria adhere to other surfaces
• they can have genes that help them resist antibiotics
• they get protection phagocytotic white blood cells
• they allow a bacteria to be mobile

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Question 30

Which option below represents a potential benefit for bacteria that contain a capsule?

• ability to be motile
• ability to transfer genetic information from one cell to another
• ability to survive under very harsh conditions for a long time
• protection of bacteria from phagocytosis by white blood cells

Question 31

What are the layers of the cellular envelope from outermost to innermost?

• plasma membrane, glycocalyx, cell wall
• glycocalyx, plasma membrane, cell wall
• cell wall, plasma membrane, glycocalyx
• glycocalyx, cell wall, plasma membrane

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Question 32

Thylakoid membranes are infolding of the plasma membrane of prokaryotes that allow them to carry out which process?

• thermotaxis
• osmosis
• photosynthesis
• respiration

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Question 33

The Gram negative cell wall has all of the following features, EXCEPT for?

• contains porins
• contains a thick layer of peptidoglycan
• stains pink
• contains an extra outer membrane layer

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Question 34

All spirilla bacteria have a flagella.

• False
• True

Question 35

Negative taxis is movement towards a stimulus.

• True
• False

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Question 36

Which type of organism does NOT have a cell wall?

• plants
• bacteria
• animals
• fungi

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Question 37

Plant cells walls are made of cellulose. Microbiology Q & A

• True
• False

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Question 38

Membrane-bound vesicles containing a substance synthesized by a cell fuse to the outer cell membrane and release their contents to the outside environment. What is this process called?

• exocytosis
• endocytosis

Question 39

The theory of endosymbiosis provides a possible explanation for the formation of which two cellular organelles?

• mitochondira and the endoplasmic reticulum
• mitochondria and Golgi apparatus
• chloroplasts and mitochondria
• chloroplasts and vacuoles

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Question 40

Which of the following cellular components contains hydrolytic enzymes associated with the digestion of macromolecules?

• nucleus
• lysosomes
• mitochondria
• Golgi apparatus

Question 43

The site of energy production in a cell is the:

• Micro body
• Chromosome
• Ribosome
• Mitochondria

Question 44

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the ___________.

• site of lipid and steroid synthesis
• powerhouse of the cell where the bulk of cellular energy is produced
• site of synthesis and initial transport of proteins and it contains ribosomes
• site that processes molecules then packages them into vesicles to be shipped elsewhere in the cell/body

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Question 42

The Golgi apparatus ___________.

• site of lipid and steroid synthesis
• site that processes molecules then packages them into vesicles to be shipped elsewhere in the cell/body
• site of synthesis and initial transport of proteins and it contains ribosomes
• powerhouse of the cell where the bulk of cellular energy is produced

Question 45

What option below is NOT a component of the endomembrane system

• nucleus
• endoplasmic reticulum
• lysosomes
• Golgi apparatus

Question 46

Identify the cellular organelle the arrow is pointing at in the animal cell below.

• mitochondria
• lysosomes
• endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi apparatus

Question 47

Which of the following contains mitochondria?

• both animal and plant cells
• bacteria
• only animal cells
• only plant cells

Question 50

Which of the following statements is FALSE about the cytoskeleton? Microbiology Q & A

• The cytoskeleton helps move chromosomes around during cell division.
• The cytoskeleton gives the cell structural support.
• The cytoskeleton is made up of carbohydrate fibers.
• The three types of filaments are actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments.